YAVANI
Yavani consists of dried fruit of Trachyspermum ammi (Linn.) Sprague ex Turril Syn. Carum copticum Benth & Hook. f. Ptychotis ajwan DC. (Fam. Umbelliferm), an annual, erect herb, upto 90 cm tall, cultivated almost throughout India, uprooted and thrashed for collecting the fruits
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Dipyaka, Yamani, Yamanika, Yavanika
Assamese : Jain
Bengali : Yamani, Yauvan, Yavan, Javan, Yavani, Yoyana
English : Bishop’s weed
Gujrati : Ajma, Ajmo, Yavan, Javain
Hindi : Ajwain, Jevain
Kannada : Oma, Yom, Omu
Kashmiri : Kath
Malayalam : Omam, Ayanodakan
Marathi : Onva
Oriya : Juani
Punjabi : Lodhar
Tamil : Omam
Telugu : Vamu
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Fruit, consists of two mericaprs, greyish brown, ovoid, compressed, about 2 mm long and 1 mm wide with pale coloured protuberances, 5 ridges and 6 vittm in each mericarp, usually separate, 5 primary ridges pale in colour, odour, characteristic, thymolic, taste, pungent.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of fruit shows two hexagonal structures attached with each other by a carpophore, epicap consists of a single layer of tangenitially elongated tabular cells, externally covered with cuticle at some places having thick-walled, unicellular trichomes as protuberances with serrate wall, mesocarp consists of moderately thickwalled, rectangular to polygonal tangentially elongated cells having some vascular bundles and vittm, carpophore present as groups of thick-walled radially elongated cells, integument, barrel shaped of tangentially elongated cells, endosperm consists of thinwalled cells filled with oil globules, embryo, small and circular, composed of polygonal thin walled cells.
Powder-Oily, greyish-brown, under microscope, presence of Oil globules and groups of endosperm cells, characterised.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 9 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 0.2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 13 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
Volatile Oil Not less than 2.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.10.
CONSTITUENTS – Essential oil and fixed oil.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu, Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Sulahara, Anulomana, Dipana, Krmighna, Pacana, Rucya
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Yavani Sadava
THERAPEUTIC USES – Sula, Adhmana, Anaha, Gulma, Krmiroga, Udararoga
DOSE – 3-6 g of the drug in power form.
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